ABSTRACT
Background: Causes and mechanisms of injury in athletes are an important consideration in sports medicine. This study reviews the frequency of sports injuries in male students participating in the Sports Olympiad 1020 of Khorasan Razavi Province
Materials and Methods: The population for this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 1156 male student athletes in two educational levels, including middle school and high school. Data was collected using the Fuller's damage report form [Fuller et al., BJSM 2006], which includes injured body parts, injury type, cause, and severity
Results: In total, 122 injuries were recorded, including futsal 53 persons [44%], handball 44 persons [36%], basketball 18 persons [14%], and volleyball 7 persons [6%]. The most frequent injuries were lower extremities [51%], upper extremities [22%], trunk and spine [16%], and head and face [11%]. Most injuries involved muscle-tendinous damage [81%], while the least frequent types were skin [13%] and joint-ligamentous damage [6%]. Highest causes of injury were collision between two players [59.86%] and lack of proper warm-up before the match [16.42%]. Damage intensity was low in 67%, moderate in 23%, and severe in 10% of cases
Conclusion: The results showed that injuries occurred most frequently in handball and indoor soccer fields, while basketball and volleyball had the lowest number of injuries. Lower limb injury was the most prevalent, while the head and face were the least frequent injured parts. The most common type of injury was muscle-tendon injury. Collision between players and non-warmed up limbs were the greatest cause of injuries
ABSTRACT
Lipoprotein [a] [Lp[a]] is a new cardiovascular risk factor and its concentration increase cardiovascular diseases, while physical activity decrease cardiovascular diseases. This study intend to investigate the effect of eight week walking program on lipoprotein [a] concentration in non-athlete Iranian menopausal women. Twenty two healthy menopause women of 47-55 year of age any specific disorder were enrolled in this study. The subjects randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Anthropometric characteristics including height, weight, body mass index [BMI], body fat percent and Waist-to-Hip ratio [WHR] and serum lipoprotein on fasting were measured pre and post-walking program. The data were compared using independent t-test, U mann witny and pearson correlation coefficient was used for assessement of relation between lipoprotein [a] with anthropometric indexes. According to these results, there was a significant reduction of serum lipoprotein [a] [pre test12.5 +/- 4/1; post test 10.5 +/- 3md], WHR, BMI and body fat percent prior and after the training in experimental group [P<0.05] while non significant changes was observed in control group. Also, there was non significant relationship between lipoprotein [a] with Anthropometric indexes. This study revealed that 8-week walking program had useful effects on menopausal women' serum lipoprotein [a] concentration, WHR, BMI and body fat percent